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1 Introduction: Biostatistics and R |
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1.1 Purpose of this Text |
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1.2 Development of Biostatistics |
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1.3 Development of R |
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1.4 How R is Used in this Text |
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1.5 Import Data into R |
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1.6 Addendum1: Efficient Programming with R, Project Workflow, and Good Programming Practices (gpp) |
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1.7 Addendum2: Preview of Descriptive Statistics and Graphics Using R |
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1.8 Addendum3: R and Beautiful Graphics |
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1.9 Addendum4: Research Designs Used in Biostatistics |
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1.10 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve this R Session |
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1.11 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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2 Data Exploration, Descriptive Statistics, and Measures of Central Tendency |
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2.1 Background |
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2.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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2.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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2.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics (e.g., Figures) |
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2.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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2.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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2.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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2.8 Summary |
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2.9 Addendum1: Specialized External Packages and Functions |
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2.10 Addendum2: Parametric v Nonparametric |
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2.11 Addendum3: Additional Practice Datasets for Data with Normal Distribution Patterns and Data That Do Not Exhibit Normal Distribution Patterns |
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2.12 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve this R Session |
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2.13 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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3 Student's t-Test for Independent Samples |
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3.1 Background |
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3.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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3.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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3.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics (e.g., Figures) |
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3.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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3.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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3.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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3.8 Summary of Outcomes |
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3.9 Addendum1: t-Statistic v z-Statistic |
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3.10 Addendum2: Parametric v Nonparametric |
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3.11 Addendum3: Additional Practice Datasets for Data with Normal Distribution Patterns and Data That Do Not Exhibit Normal Distribution Patterns |
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3.12 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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3.13 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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4 Student's t-Test for Matched Pairs |
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4.1 Background |
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4.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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4.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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4.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics(e.g., Figures) |
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4.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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4.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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4.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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4.8 Summary of Outcomes |
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4.9 Addendum1: R-Based Tools for Unstacked (e.g. Wide) Data |
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4.10 Addendum2: Stacked Data and Student's t-Test for Matched Pairs |
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4.11 Addendum 3: The Impact of N on Student's t-Test |
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4.12 Addendum 4: Parametric v Nonparametric |
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4.13 Addendum5: Additional Practice Datasets for Data with Normal Distribution Patterns and Data That Do Not Exhibit Normal Distribution Patterns |
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4.14 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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4.15 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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5 Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) |
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5.1 Background |
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5.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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5.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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5.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics(e.g., Figures) |
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5.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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5.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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5.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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5.8 Summary of Outcomes |
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5.9 Addendum1: Other Packages for Display of Oneway ANOVA |
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5.10 Addendum2: Parametric v Nonparametric |
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5.11 Addendum3: Additional Practice Data Sets |
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5.12 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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5.13 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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6 Twoway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) |
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6.1 Background |
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6.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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6.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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6.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics (e.g., Figures) |
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6.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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6.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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6.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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6.8 Summary of Outcomes |
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6.9 Addendum 1: Other Packages for Display of Twoway ANOVA |
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6.10 Addendum 2: Parametric v Nonparametric |
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6.11 Addendum 3: Additional Practice Data Sets |
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6.12 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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6.13 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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7 Correlation, Association, Regression, Likelihood, and Prediction |
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7.1 Background |
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7.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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7.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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7.4 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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7.5 Statistical Test(s) |
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7.6 Summary of Outcomes |
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7.7 Addendum 1: Multiple Regression |
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7.8 Addendum 2: Likelihood and Odds Ratio |
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7.9 Addendum 3:Parametric v Nonparametric |
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7.10 Addendum 4: Additional Practice Data Sets |
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7.11 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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7.12 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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8 Working with Large and Complex Datasets |
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8.1 Background |
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8.2 Import Data in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) File Format and/or Self Generate the Data Using R-Based Functions |
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8.3 Organize the Data and Display the Code Book |
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8.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check Using Graphics (e.g., Figures) |
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8.5 Descriptive Statistics for Initial Analysis of the Data |
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8.6 Quality Assurance, Data Distribution, and Tests for Normality |
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8.7 Statistical Test(s) |
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8.8 Summary of Outcomes |
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8.9 Addendum1: Additional Graphics, to Show Relationships Between and Among Data |
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8.10 Addendum2: Graphics Using the lattice Package |
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8.11 Addendum3: Graphics Using the ggplot2 Package |
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8.12 Addendum 4: Beyond an Introduction to R - Use the tidyverse to Create Subsets of Original Datasets |
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8.13 Prepare to Exit, Save, and Later Retrieve This R Session |
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8.14 External Data and/or Data Resources Used in this Lesson |
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9 Future Actions and Next Steps |
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9.1 Use of This Text |
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9.2 R and Beautiful Reporting with R Markdown |
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9.3 Future Use of R for Biostatistics |
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9.4 Big Data and Bio Informatics |
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9.5 External Resources |
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9.6 Contact the Authors |
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1 Introduction: Biostatistics and R |
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1.1 Purpose of this Text |
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1.2 Development of Biostatistics |
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